Shanghai Jiao Tong University has published 125 science questions, together with Science Magazine and the American Association for the Advancement of Science, to celebrate its 125th birthday and invite scientists from all over the world to join in related research. The questions were raised by people from home and abroad, including editors of the magazine, winners of top prizes such as the Nobel Prize, Wolf Prize, Lasker Award and Turing Award, well known young scientists, as well as teachers and students from the university. They cover issues ranging from mathematics, chemistry, health and life sciences to neurosciences, ecology and artificial intelligence.